Solar energy works through the process of converting sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) cells. Here’s a step-by-step explanation of how this process works:

Solar Panels: Solar panels, also known as solar modules, are made up of many solar cells. These cells are typically made from silicon, which is a semiconductor material.

Photovoltaic Effect: When sunlight hits the solar panels, it excites the electrons in the silicon cells. This phenomenon is known as the photovoltaic effect.

Electricity Generation: The excited electrons create an electric current, which flows through the cells and into metal contacts on the panel’s surface. This creates direct current (DC) electricity.

Inverter Conversion: The DC electricity generated by the solar panels is sent to an inverter. The inverter converts the DC electricity into alternating current (AC) electricity, which is the type of electricity used in most homes and businesses.

Utility Grid Connection: The AC electricity from the inverter is either used directly in the building or sent to the electrical grid. If the solar system produces more electricity than is needed at the moment, the excess can be fed back into the grid, often earning credits through net metering programs.

Powering Devices: The AC electricity is then distributed to power electrical devices, appliances, and lighting within the building.

Monitoring and Maintenance: Solar systems are often equipped with monitoring systems to track energy production and system performance. Regular maintenance, such as cleaning panels and ensuring proper functioning of components, helps maximize efficiency and longevity.